What is Endometriosis | E and CPP IWK Health

Education - About Endometriosis

What is Endometriosis?

Endometriosis is a chronic condition that occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus is found outside the uterus, most commonly on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, surface of the uterus, or surrounding tissues. Endometriosis affects 1 in 10 individuals of reproductive age ( aged 15-49 years).

While pelvic pain is the main symptom of endometriosis, not all people experiencing pelvic pain have endometriosis, and not all people with endometriosis will go on to develop chronic pelvic pain.

There are many factors that can contribute to the development of chronic pelvic pain including other gynecological conditions, conditions of the bowel or bladder, musculoskeletal issues, psychological conditions, and central nervous system sensitization.

Symptoms

Symptoms of endometriosis can vary widely. The most common symptom of endometriosis is pelvic pain. Other symptoms of endometriosis can include pain with bowel movement, pain with urination, pain with intercourse, and infertility.

Diagnosis

Endometriosis may be diagnosed by a physician according to symptoms, physical examination and/or ultrasound findings and other features that might support the diagnosis of endometriosis.

Your physician may perform an external abdominal and internal pelvic exam to help locate any tender areas in and around the internal organs such as the uterus and ovaries.

In some cases, surgery may be needed to diagnose endometriosis.

Treatment

While there is presently no cure for endometriosis, most women who are diagnosed with endometriosis can improve their quality of life and can lead healthy, active lives. Treatments for endometriosis are aimed toward improving pain symptoms, improving fertility, or both, depending on patient desires. There are many effective treatments for endometriosis and the team will tailor treatment to your specific situation.

Medication

The first line of treatment is typically using medications that can be taken by mouth. These medications may target the menstrual cycle and/or the perception of pain. These may include hormones to suppress menstruation and/or chronic pain modulators.

Surgical Treatment

Discussions around surgical treatment must be individualized to the patient and their specific goals. Laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis is a surgery performed through small incisions on the abdomen with a goal of treating or removing the endometriosis, however, pain symptoms may not resolve entirely, and pain may recur in the long-term. Endometriosis is a hormonally-driven disease that responds to hormones released by the ovaries during a normal menstrual cycle. In some situations, a discussion around removing the ovaries or uterus may be important.

Lifestyle Changes

Lifestyle changes such as following a healthy diet and engaging in regular gentle exercise can help improve symptoms of endometriosis. Anti-inflammatory foods such as Omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish, legumes, nuts, seeds and avocados) can be helpful in moderating pelvic pain. It is also advised to avoid processed foods and limit red meats, fats and refined sugars to help reduce weight. Gentle exercise such as walking, stretching, or yoga can help relieve symptoms of pelvic pain and ensure your body remains strong and mobile to prevent further injury or pain from occurring.

Disclaimer: This information does not substitute professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a medical professional if you have questions about your medical condition or treatment.